Research Paper on Chemical Composition Of Eggs

Nutrition The data contained in this paper will be for two portions of scrambled eggs each weighing 100 grams. It was established that the two portions had a total of 2.104 of saturated fatty acids, 4.678g of monounsaturated and 3.556g of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The two portions had 554mg of cholesterol. The lipids contained were 11.2g, protein content 26.2g and carbohydrate content was 15g. The food item has 270kcal. The most common vitamin found in this food item is choline. The most common mineral is sodium followed by potassium with 324 and 294 mg respectively. The food does not contain any other important nutritional components. Water The food portion has a water content of 145.4g. Water is important in a human’s body as it helps in maintaining the pH in the body. Consumption of water helps in maintaining the pH of the body above 7 which is important as if the figure goes below this it becomes acidic and the body is unable to assimilate minerals and vitamins. Biological Molecule Proteins are the most abundant in the food as compared to other molecules such as lipids and carbohydrates. Proteins are composed of amino acids and are organic in nature. The acids are joined in a linear chain and then folded into globe like shape. In polymers, these acids are joined by peptide bonds between the amino and carboxyl groups. Some proteins act as enzymes and they influence the rate of various biochemical reactions that happen during metabolism. Other proteins like myosin and actin have structural functions. Recommendation Though the food is a good source of riboflavin, proteins and selenium, I would not recommend it as part of a healthy diet as it is high in cholesterol and saturated fats which are harmful to a person’s health. References USDA Nutrient Data Laboratory. (2011). Eggs, Scrambled, Frozen Mixture. Retrieved from http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/cgi-bin/list_nut_edit.pl Nutrition Data. (2011). Eggs, whole, cooked, scrambled. Retrieved from http://nutritiondata.self.com/facts/dairy-and-egg-products/120/2 USDA. (2011). http://www.mypyramid.gov/

Sexual Minority Women - 854 Words

Following on from existing literature on the disparities in health care access, utilization and health outcomes among racial and sexual minority women, the current study seeks to address existing gaps and offer directions for health promotion and future research in this area. This is a retrospective comparison study, examining the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and health care seeking behaviors; and the moderating effect of sexual orientation and racial identity on this relationship. Comparative analysis of two medical institutions will be conducted, employing a mixed-method approach: Fenway Health and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, MA. This study design is informed by three theoretical frameworks: Assets†¦show more content†¦It is challenging for researchers to develop a medical framework that incorporates behavior as both a cause and a cure for certain health issues. Several empirical research studies have found a correlation between stress to endocrine and immunological dysfunction (see, Lovallo, 2015). Stress makes it harder, for some, to utilize resources or make appropriate decisions (Sarafino Smith, 2011). It is therefore plausible that multiple daily stressors (such as racism, heterosexism, sexism, macroaggressions), adversely impacts a person’s short and long term physical well-being. Hypothesis and Constructs For this current study, I predict that, while controlling for neighborhood characteristics, sexual and racial minority women seek needed health care at lower rates than women of a higher SES. However, I expect this relationship to be moderated by sexual orientation and racial identity. Racial and sexual minorities, who are of lower SES, seek health care at lower rates than their White heterosexual counterparts. Moreover, I hypothesize that no significant relationship will exist between SES and health care seeking behaviors among White heterosexuals. Based on existing literature reviewed, the primary predictor, SES will be operationalized as household income level. Low SES is measured as living below 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL), and high SES are those living above 400% of the FPL. Neighborhood characteristics, a variable that will be controlled in analysis isShow MoreRelatedRelationship Values Between Gender And Sexuality Essay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesexpectations and norms linked to how men and women, and boys and girls, should act. Sexuality which refers to the biological characteristics that define men and women. Relationship values are what you believe in and morals that you hold important to you so you can live your life to the fullest. Your values are based on what you have experienced through your life and what you have learned over the years. 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Management under Uncertainty Dynamic Corporate World

Question: Describe about the Management under Uncertainty for Dynamic Corporate World. Answer: Introduction In the current dynamic corporate world, firms face an unfavorable institution environment due to the uncertainty of what will occur. The uncertainties exert pressure on the firms and limit their decision-making behavior. However, regardless of all the uncertainty, the manager must still make sound decisions on how to run the company by taking advantage of market opportunities. The essay aims at analyzing management under uncertainty referring to how the finance manager in Golden cycle company, Australia branch, made his decision to purchase a fruit processing machine rather than outsource for the processing services. Part 1: Deciding in uncertainty: How the finance manager in Golden Circle made his decision (company) While working for Golden Cycle company (a food and beverage company), I observed the finance manager make a decision to buy a food processing machine rather than outsource the processing services. The finance manager was faced with a decision on whether to purchase a new fruit processing machine (to process 180 tons of fruit annually) or to outsource for the fruit processing for the financial year beginning January 1, 2014. The company, however, was not certain of the cash flows that would result from the utilization of the processing machine. According to the projections made by the finance manager, the machine's useful life was ten years with projected annual cash flows of $ 600,000 million. The cash flows, however, highly depended on the market demand and the market conditions prevailing at each financial year. How the finance manager arrived at his decision and factors influencing his decision Given the fact that the annual cash flows (cash from the sale of the juice processed) were uncertain, according to the historical trend of the past market demand and conditions, the finance manager assigned three probabilities to each cash flow per year. In this situation, the finance manager used three approaches to risk when assigning the probabilities to the cash flows. That is risk aversion, risk taking, and indifference to risk. As such, he came up with the optimistic expectation (unfavorable results), expected expectation (actual results), and optimistic expectation (favorable results). He then proceeded to attach a probability to each outcome and calculated the average cash flow in each year. With the average cash flows each year ($ 549,000 million), he compared this with the revenue less the total cost of outsourcing ($ 498,000) and arrived at his conclusion of the company purchasing the processing machine rather than outsourcing the processing services. Save for the cost incurred; several other factors served to influence the decision of the finance manager. First, the company would be able to control the quality of the processed juice if it purchased the processing machine as compared to outsourcing the machine. Second, the market demand might change for the better shortly thus enabling the company to produce more products and reduce the cost. Thirds, the company, would use the processing machine for the processing of several other fruit beverages which would not be the case if the company outsourced for the processing services. Part 2: The economic rationality model by Herbert Simon The model argues that the decision-maker is a rational being who attempts to achieve maximum advantage/benefit through the selection of the best course of action from several courses of action. According to Herbert Simon's argument, as summarized by Hallowell and Gambatese (2010), the task of the decision-maker in economic rationality model is selecting the course of action that results in the best results from all the possible consequences. The model suggests that two factors can assist the decision-maker in measuring the correctness of the decision made (Green and Armstrong, 2007). The factors are the extent to which the decision made achieves the desired/expected objectives and the efficiency with which the desired/expected results are obtained from the decision made. The model follows four main steps in reaching a conclusion on which course of action to take (Conejo et al., 2010). The first step involves listing all the alternative courses of action. For example, in Golden Cycle, the finance manager listed various alternative courses of action such as purchasing a new processing machinery, outsourcing the processing services, and leasing the processing machine. The second step involves the determination of all the consequences that would result from each of the alternative course of action. About the case summarized above, the finance manager computed all the expected cash flows that would result from the utilization of the processing machinery and the cost the company would incur if the company chose to outsource the fruit processing services. The third step involves the comparison (both the efficiency and accuracy) of the consequences of each alternative course of action and choosing the best course of action (Dequech, 2006). In our case, the f inance manager compared the cost of outsourcing the services and the cost of purchasing the processing machine and reached a conclusion that purchasing the machine would save the company some cost coupled with several another benefit that the company would reap from the asset. Finally, the fourth step involves monitoring of choice made to determine whether the desired results are achieved and the accuracy with which they are achieved/obtained. An important point to note is that the decision that a decision-maker, as a member of the organization (say a finance manager) and the decision that the same decision-maker would make in his personal capacity would be different since the personal and organizational goals differ. Assumptions of the model The model holds several assumptions. First, it holds that the decision-maker has a clear and definite objective for which he is making the decision. Second, the models assume that the decision-maker is completely aware of all the possible alternative courses of action. Third, the probabilities calculated by the decision-maker are not mysterious nor frightening. Fourth, it assumes that the decision-maker has full freedom in choosing the best course of action which he thinks will serve to optimize the decision. The model further assumes that no limit exists to the computation complexity when determining the best alternatives. Rationality of the steps in economic rationality model Inarguably, there exist three main possible outcomes in business; the expected outcome, a better outcome than the expected (optimistic), and a worse outcome than the expected (pessimistic). As such business decisions should be based on these outcomes (Furnham and Boo, 2011). By evaluating the probability of each situation occurring, the firm can calculate the expected payoff by finding the average return from all the three possible outcomes and then make a decision as the finance manager in Golden Cycle Company did. Limitations of the model Although the economic rationality model provides a clear decision-making process, it is not without some serious limitations. Jalonen (2011) argues that the model makes some unrealistic assumptions such as the decision-maker has adequate information to make a decision. The model further makes an unreasonable assumption that the decision-maker can process all the information acquired when making the decision. However, Frenken (2006) argues that according to the idea of bounded rationality, the cognitive limitations of the decision maker's mind serve as constraints in processing all the information available. Part 3: Bounded rationality and its influence in management under uncertainty The idea of bounded rationality is that in any process of decision-making, inadequate information, limited time, and the cognitive limit of a persons mind limits the rationality of the decision maker. Rationality, on the other hand, refers to the ability of an individual to make a reasonable judgment based on sound reasons and facts (Czinkota and Ronkainen, 2005). The concept of bounded rationality suggests that regardless of the level of intelligence of the decision maker, the latter have to work in an environment laced with three inescapable constraints. The first constraint is limited information. Decision makers face a serious challenge of sourcing for adequate information regarding all the possible alternative courses of action and the results/consequences of each alternative course of action. It is undeniable that the finance manager had inadequate information about all the alternative processing alternatives in the market such as leasing. He, therefore, ended up making a conclusion based on inadequate information hence probably leaving out better alternatives (Karni and Schmeidler, 2009a). For instance, rather than purchasing the processing machine, the company would have opted to lease the machine which would have saved the company some money in the form of tax shields. If the finance manager had all the necessary information, maybe he would have made a different decision based on the information. The second constraint results from the fact that human mind works in a limited capacity in evaluating and processing all the alternative courses of action available in making a decision. Undoubtedly, everything has a limit/limited capacity. Therefore, such decision makers can evaluate certain decision only up to a certain limit. As such, Frenken, (2006) notes that the decision maker either fail to analyze or they overlook certain critical factors that would otherwise influence the outcome if it were considered. For instance, the processing machine purchased by Golden Cycle Company might fail to produce the necessary amount of juice to meet the market demand hence not meeting its target cash flows. On the other side, the finance manager might have computed the probabilities incorrectly based on the past market trends which might change in future. However, given the fact that human mind works within limited capacity, the finance manager could not predict the future market conditions ac curately. Limited time to make the decision serves as the third constraint. Decision makers have limited time to make a decision given the opportunity cost of delayed decisions. Given these facts, the decision maker has to act quickly to take advantage of the new opportunities in the market (Yang, 2007) at their initial stages to ensure the company gains a competitive edge. As such, even the decision makers who usually have the intention of making rational choices based on all the material facts are forced to make satisficing decisions/choices in complex situations (Wang et al., 2006). Adequate time would enable a firm to consider all the possible courses of action, their consequences, and end up making a rational choice (Xu et al., 2006). Also, were the firm to have adequate time while facing a decision under uncertainty, it can postpone its decision until it becomes relatively clear which course of action is the best. Had the finance manager at Golden Cycle Company had enough time to analyze the market trends carefully, maybe he would the expected cash flows would have been different, thus resulting in a different decision. However, the firm would incur a huge opportunity cost for taking too long before making a decision. Given these three constraints, rational decision makers, rather than optimizing their decisions, often make satisficing decisions (Mula et al., 2006). Conclusion Given the uncertainty of the current dynamic corporate world, managers have to approach decision making with an open and alert mind. They have to balance between focus and flexibility while making sure the company does not incur huge opportunity cost nor does it sacrifice its competitive edge. References Conejo, A., Carrion, M., Morales, J., (2010). "Decision-Making Under Uncertainty in Electricity Markets, International Series in Operations Research and Management Science (153) 7: pp. 789-796 Czinkota, R., and Ronkainen, A. (2005). A forecast of globalization, international business and Trade: a report from a Delphi study." Journal of World Business, 40(2): 111-123. Dequech, D. (2006). The new institutional economics and the theory of behavior under Uncertainty. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 59(1), 109- 131. Frenken, K. (2006). Technological innovation and complexity theory. Economics of Innovation And New Technology 15(2): 137155. Furnham, A., and Boo, C. (2011). A literature review of the framing effect. Journal of Socio- Economics, 40(1), 35-42. Hallowell, R., Gambatese, A., (2010). Qualitative research: application of the Delphi method to CEM research. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(1), 99-107. Green, C., Armstrong, S. (2011). Role thinking: standing in other people's shoes to forecast Decisions in conflicts. International Journal of Forecasting, 27(1), 69-80. Jalonen, H. (2011). The uncertainty of innovation: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Management Research 4(1): 127-141 Karni E., and Schmeidler, D., (2009a), "A Temporal Dynamic Consistency and Expected Utility Theory, Journal of Economic Theory, 54: 401-408. Mula, J., Poler, R., Garcia-Sabater, J., and Lario, C. (2006). Models for Production Planning Under Uncertainty: A Review. Int. J. Production Economics, 103(1): 271-285. Wang, M.; Yang, B., and Xu, L., (2006). "Environmental Impact Assessment Using the Evidential Reasoning Approach". European Journal of Operational Research. 174 (3): 18851913. Xu D.L.; Yang J.B.; Wang Y.M. (2006). "The ER approach for multi-attribute decision analysis Under interval uncertainties". European Journal of Operational Research. 174 (3): 191443 Yang, M., (2007). Optimal Strategy for the Integrated Buyer-Vendor Model Fuzzy Annual Demand and Fuzzy Adjustable Production Rate. Journal of Applied Science, 7(7): 10251029.

What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Behavior in Business Essay Example

What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Behavior in Business? Paper Essay: â€Å"what are advantages and disadvantages of ethical behavior in business? † Business Ethics Some commentators, such as Milton Friedman, believe that the primary and only responsibility of business is to make money while abiding by the law. Supporters of this point of view argue that companies self-interested pursuit of profit benefits the whole of society. Profitable businesses clearly benefit shareholders, but other commentators, such as Edward Freeman, argue that businesses should also benefit other stakeholders. Stakeholders are people and groups with whom the business has a relationship. This includes shareholders, but extends out to include employees, their families, the community within which the business operates, customers and suppliers. Advantages Business ethics offer companies a competitive advantage. Consumers learn to trust ethical brands and remain loyal to them, even during difficult periods. In 1982, Johnson ; Johnson spent over $100 million dollars recalling Tylenol, its best-selling product, after someone tampered with bottles of the painkiller. The company followed its credo, a set of ethical organizational values, and the result was a boost in consumer confidence, despite the contamination scare. Society benefits from business ethics because ethical companies recognize their social responsibilities. Disadvantages Business ethics reduce a companys freedom to maximize its profit. For example, a multinational company may move its manufacturing facility to a developing country to reduce costs. Practices acceptable in that country, such as child labor, poor health and safety, poverty-level wages and coerced employment, will not be tolerated by an ethical company. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Behavior in Business? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Behavior in Business? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on What Are Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Behavior in Business? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Improvements in working conditions, such as a living wage and minimum health and safety standard,s reduce the level of cost-savings that the company generates. However, it could be argued that the restrictions on company freedom benefit wider society. People, Planet, Profit Companies increasingly recognize the need to commit to business ethics and measure their success by more than just profitability. This has led to the introduction of the triple bottom line, also known as people, planet, profit. Companies report on their financial, social and environmental performance. The Dow Jones Sustainability Index benchmarks companies who report their performance based on the triple bottom line. This type of performance reporting acknowledges that companies must make a profit to survive, but encourages ethical and sustainable business conduct. Purpose of ethical theory An ethical theory is to provide theory for people to value human beings through their behaviors, to access a person if he/she is ethical good or bad through his/her actions, like be honest, not to steal, not to kill, etc. Although there are basic moralities that every person follows in all places (Beauchamp Bowie, 2004), in different background culture or different situations, people have different judgments about the actions. Ethical theory gives us a guide to choose the best option of actions in a certain situation which counts as most significant ethically. Ethical people are those who recognize the difference between right and wrong and consistently strive to set an example of good conduct. In a business setting, being ethical means applying principles of honesty and fairness to relationships with coworkers and customers. Ethical individuals make an effort to treat everyone with whom they come in contact as they would want to be treated themselves. Build Customer Loyalty Consumers may let a company take advantage of them once, but if they believe they have been treated unfairly, such as by being overcharged, they will not be repeat customers. Having a loyal customer base is one of the keys to long-range business success because serving an existing customer doesn’t involve marketing cost, as does acquiring a new one. A company’s reputation for ethical behavior can help it create a more positive image in the marketplace, which can bring in new customers through word-of-mouth referrals. Conversely, a reputation for unethical dealings hurts the company’s chances to obtain new customers, particularly in this age of social networking when dissatisfied customers can quickly disseminate information about the negative experience they had. Retain Good Employees Talented individuals at all levels of an organization want to be compensated fairly for their work and dedication. They want career advancement within the organization to be based on the quality of the work they do and not on favoritism. They want to be part of a company whose management team tells them the truth about what is going on, such as when layoffs or reorganizations are being contemplated. Companies who are fair and open in their dealings with employees have a better chance of retaining the most talented people. Employees who do not believe the compensation methodology is fair are often not as dedicated to their jobs as they could be. Positive Work Environment Employees have a responsibility to be ethical from the moment they have their first job interview. They must be honest about their capabilities and experience. Ethical employees are perceived as team players rather than as individuals just out for themselves. They develop positive relationships with coworkers. Their supervisors trust them with confidential information and they are often given more autonomy as a result. Employees who are caught in lies by their supervisors damage their chances of advancement within the organization and may risk being fired. An extreme case of poor ethics is employee theft. In some industries, this can cost the business a significant amount of money, such as restaurants whose employees steal food from the storage locker or freezer. Avoid Legal Problems At times, a company’s management may be tempted to cut corners in pursuit of profit, such as not fully complying with environmental regulations or labor laws, ignoring worker safety hazards or using substandard materials in their products. The penalties for being caught can be severe, including legal fees and fines or sanctions by governmental agencies. The resulting negative publicity can cause long-range damage to the company’s reputation that is even more costly than the legal fees or fines. Companies that maintain the highest ethical standards take the time to train every member of the organization about the conduct that is expected of them. Disadvantage: Polarization of Society Because it offers such an integral look into human nature, ethics as a branch of philosophy tends to create divisions among those of varying opinions. Within the United States, the reverberations of this effect are at the core of government policy. Two groups, such as Pro-Choice and Pro-Life, work from similar facts and land on different notions of what is ethically and morally right. These rifts within society may slow down legislation and other government progress. Advantage: Simplification One advantage of any firm ethical system is that when the time comes to make a decision, there is often an existing framework for making that decision. For example, if an ethical system decides that theft is wrong in all circumstances, then any person who firmly believes in that ethical system should be able to turn away ideas of stealing. This process can expedite decision-making in general, as it has often already answered questions that may arise. Disadvantage: Varied Theories and Constant Change Ethics, as a whole, is a branch of philosophy that many consider to be necessarily unfinished. As technology and culture changes, new ethical issues are always arising, such as ethics within distributing content online. Likewise, issues of cultural relativism can create various interpretations of similar issues simply through the specific traditions of any given culture. These problems, and others, cause ethics to be a field of tumultuous change with highly varied interpretation. Advantage: Building Good The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy notes that ethics involves systematising, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behaviour. As such, the field is, by and large, dedicated to helping derive systems for understanding and improving human behaviour. As an end-result of finding and invoking a true ethical system, the world should evolve into a safer, friendlier and happier place. Benefits If we have an ethical behaviour in our career we can do so much good. Due to this our business grows very much. Because due to this a discipline is develop in us and then we can set a high slandered and high level in our business. Bellows there are some goals we can use for continuous development. Working without deadly mishap. Eliminating work related diseases. We can increase varieties in our business. Increasing benefits of removal for local Increasing the benefits of mining for local areas. increasing energy competence By working towards these goals, we hope to gain a competitive benefit. It is also help with its position on stock market. Many long terms sever, like pension funds that are run investments for millions of normal people in the foreign countries, think that to consider social and ethical issues is important for the company. Due to this the company puts in a stronger position. Ethical behaviour will help businesses to attain better height and is because it does what business should actually do and helps them in developing discipline, which will push, business work practise to a high level and set a high standard. It actually promotes teamwork among worker. And this is because there is great respect place in elementary issues in the work place. Ethical behaviour also build confidence that will translate to trust among worker and they are more motivated towards theirs tasks. Ethical behaviour is really becoming very important for all our society because in the end it contributing in our society. It is not only contributing to our society directly but also keep the trust of the society. At the work place people who face ethical matter are versatile. The ethical behaviour do contribute the organization in term of profit which is usually higher then the firm which are actually not operating ethically and are operating for their own interest. Business activities that meet the requirements of the law, but which are considered unfair by stakeholders can result in bad publicity. The best example is of a restaurant that pay minimum wage but keeps staff tips to boost profits is not breaking the law, however, run the risk of losing the goodwill of costumers. Bibliography: http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-ethical-behavior-business-21067. html * http://www. studymode. com/essays/Business-Ethics-137790. html * http://smallbusiness. chron. com/advantages-disadvantages-business-ethics-10414. html * http://www. ehow. co. uk/info_8333081_advantages-disadvantages-ethics. html * http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/ethical-behavior. html * http://www. ukessays. com/essays/philosophy/ethical-behaviour-in-a-business-environment -philosophy-essay. php

GMAT IR Essay Example

GMAT IR Essay From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on the information provided. 31 A . The percent increase in the total number of Internet users from 2002 to 2007 was 31 B. The number of Internet users per 100 people increased by approximately from 2000 to 2010. 32, On Days 1 through 4 of a recent week, Product X was out of stock at Retailer R. Day 1 shoppers are those shoppers who came to Retailer R on Day 1 of that week seeking Product X. For each of the first 3 days of that week, the graph shows the subsequent behavior of all Day 1 shoppers who came to Retailer R seeking Product X on that day. Shoppers at Retailer R who purchased a different item in lieu of Product X paid an average of 30% more for the item. From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement based on information provided. AAA. % of Day 1 shoppers returned to the store on Day 3. BIB. Shoppers at Retailer R who purchased substitute items from other manufacturers on Day of the total all Day 1 shoppers would have paid had each of them been able to purchase Product X on Day 24 33, The graph depicts the per-person dietary intake of foods in 4 categories for the people of Nation X for the years 1909 through 2000. We will write a custom essay sample on GMAT IR specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on GMAT IR specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on GMAT IR specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A decline in consumption in all 4 categories strongly suggests an overall food shortage rather than a simple change in dietary pattern. From each drop-down menu, select the option that creates the most accurate statement about food consumption in Nation X based on the information provided. AAA. The graph suggests that Nation X most likely experienced a food shortage shortly before the year BIB. For the year that the total dietary intake of carbohydrates was lowest, the per- errors intake of carbohydrates was approximately times the per-person intake of dietary fiber. 5 The graph shows the estimated year-end population for the 3 most populous territories in Nation X in 5 selected years. The estimated year-end population of Nation X was in 1990 and 2010. AAA . The increase in the estimated year-end population of Territory C from 1990 to for approximately of Nation X over the same period. % of the increase in the estimated year-end population BIB. In 2010, the estimated total year-end p opulation of the 3 territories was of the estimated year-end population of Nation X. 5. Rock varnish is typically rich in iron and manganese, with the presence of manganese due to bacteria on the surface of the rock. Because the bacteria would not survive on the surface of rocks in the colder, continuously frozen, reaches of Antarctica, scientists were not surprised to discover that rock varnish in the Thiele Mountains area of Antarctica consists only of limonite, a form of oxidized iron. This had penetrated from the surfaces of the rocks into the cracks. However, although moisture is essential to the movement of limonite, snow has not melted in 6 the Thiele Mountains in recent times. Indicate which statement in the table the given information most strongly suggests is true, and the statement that the given information most strongly suggests is false. Make only two selections, one in each column. AAA BIB True False o Moisture is required for the presence of significant amounts of manganese in the environment. Moisture is not required for the presence of significant amounts of manganese in the c When temperatures in a continuously frozen location increase to above freezing, racks in rocks there begin to take in rock varnish containing significant amounts of manganese. Rock varnish that is especially rich in iron is mostly found in extreme cold. Manganese is unable to penetrate into cracks in significant amounts. Temperatures on rocks in the Thiele Mountains were above freezing at some point in the past. 28 39, 29 41, 42, 31 43 . Professor A: The aid industry should begin to limit its efforts to spending on primary schools in the poorest areas, providing medicines and other basic supplies for health care such as mosquito nets, and to a few key agricultural initiatives. Professor B: Much education work has been ineffective. A village or town with poor schooling may be better off getting a road than a teacher. Once local farmers can transport produce to market they will be willing to pay for schools-and to make sure the schools succeed. Suppose that the professors statements express their genuine opinions. Select statements (1) and (2) as follows: Professor A would likely disagree with (1) and Professor B would take (2) to present logical support for (1). Select only two statements, one per column. 43

ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect

ACT Test Security Protocols What to Expect SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Standardized test materials must be kept under lock and key to ensure fairness and scoring accuracy during each administration. The ACT is no exception to this rule, and ACT Inc. has many regulations in place to prevent the distribution of confidential test questions to the public. In this article, I'll go through all of theACT test security rules, what security breaches have occurred in recent years, and what this means for students in general. Why Is ACT Test Security a Concern? It’s extremely important for ACT Inc. to ensure that the test materials are secure before, during and after each administration.In the event that someone acquires test materials before the exam, the integrity of that whole administration of the test is compromised.Students with prior knowledge of the test will earn artificially high scores and skew the curve, putting other students who didn’t cheat at a significant disadvantage.Breaches in test security also undermine the credibility of the testing organization and the validity of the test as a measure of academic ability. How Does ACT Inc. Ensure Test Security? There are a few ways in which ACT Inc. guards the integrity of exam materials. These regulations come into play before, during, and after each examination period. Security of Test Materials Before the Exam Access to test materials before test day is restricted to test coordinators who work for ACT Inc.School staff may assist in organizing the materials, but only if the test coordinator is also present and the staff member doesn’t have any relatives who will be testing during this administration.Anyone who assists with the test materials must be identified on the ACT State and District Testing Staff List.Anyone who may potentially take the ACT within the next 12 months is prohibited from gaining access to the test materials.Test materials can’t be transferred to or from another location without prior authorization by ACT Inc. Test coordinators are responsible for all testing materials from start to finish to prevent tampering by anyone at individual schools.The test coordinator checks all the packages of test booklets upon receipt at each school to ensure that none have been tampered with.The materials are also counted to ensure that there are no missing booklets or booklets with broken seals.The seals on all test booklets must remain intact until the examinee breaks them on test day.The carton of test booklets is then resealed by the test coordinator, locked away in a secure area, and only brought back out on the morning of the test. Test Center Conduct Test coordinators from ACT Inc. must hand the booklets directly to proctors on test day.Booklets are re-counted every time they change hands to make sure the number of booklets stays the same and the serial numbers are correct.Completed exams go directly back into the hands of the test coordinator and are stored in a secure area. Testing rooms are never left unattended even if there is only one student in the room, and students are prohibited from viewing sections of the test ahead of time or turning back to sections after time has already been called.No electronic devices that might be used to document the test content in any way are permitted in the testing room.Devices like smartphones should be turned off and stowed away under your desk/in your bag throughout the exam. Don't risk leaving your phone on. If it starts ringing in the middle of the test, you'll most likely be dismissed and have your scores canceled. Farewell, sweet prince (for a couple of hours, then it's back to checking my email every ten seconds). Recent Breaches in ACT Test Security In August of 2016, the ACT laid off its head of test security in response to a huge security breach that occurred on the last administration of the test.During the June 2016 administration of the test, the ACT canceled all sittings in Hong Kong and South Korea because of leaked test materials.The ACT plans to audit nearly 200 education centers after widespread cheating was discovered in ACT-owned college-prep programs for international students.Test prep companies in China and South Korea have also been administering the ACT to students, a practice which is prohibited by ACT Inc due to the obvious conflict of interests. There have been reports of widespread cheating in the ACT-owned Global Assessment Certificate program or GAC, which operates countries and has over 5,000 students and 197 centers (most of which are located in mainland China).Some students have reported that they were allowed to practice with materials that later showed up on the real exam.There have also been issues with test prep companies, particularly in East Asia, taking advantage of the ACT’s practice of reusing questions by harvesting questions from past exams so that students can practice with materials they may see on the test. ACT Inc. has plans to introduce a computerized version of the ACT for international students in 2017 to reduce the risk of materials being leaked ahead of time to students. The next step in ACT technology: Robotic test proctors with impossibly chiseled abs. What Do ACT Test Security Rules Mean for Students? It’s important to understand the consequences of sharing confidential test information, whether it happens before or after you take the test.Though tracing test security leaks is very difficult, their impact on you, the other students taking the test, and the integrity of the whole system is extremely negative. If test materials are leaked, lots of scores may be canceled, even those of students who never consulted the materials beforehand.Also, ACT Inc. won’t be able to use the questions they created ever again after they’ve been compromised.If test leaks occur and are not discovered, students will earn artificially high scores, skewing the curve lower for everyone else.Basically, if you hear about any test leaks, it’s in your best interests to report them to ACT Inc. and not to participate in the cheating. On test day, make sure you have a valid photo ID and your admission ticket with you so you can verify your identity. Bring a calculator that has been approved for use on the test. When you're taking the test, don't try to skip ahead to a section that hasn't started yet or go back to a section that has already passed. Don't discuss questions with other students during breaks, and keep your smartphone turned off and stowed away in your bag at all times. Violations of this kind could result in your scores being canceled! Also, don’t try to recreate test questions after you take the exam (this is something people have done on College Confidential fairly frequently).There’s a reason the ACT asks you not to talk about the specific materials you saw on the test. Sometimes those materials will be reused on future exams or slightly later international test dates.I know it’s hard not to talk about questions after the test, but you really shouldn't post them in online forums where people who haven’t taken the ACT yet might take advantage of them. Don't yell out the answers to ACT questions in the middle of the ruins of the Roman forum either. You never know who's listening. Although if they do listen to you for more than a couple seconds they're probably not of sound enough mind to do anything with what they hear. Summary: What You Need to Know About ACT TestSecurity ACT Inc. takes test security very seriously. If the questions are compromised, they can no longer be used, and many students' scores may become invalid. Many regulations are put in place to prevent question leaks both before and after each test is administered, but sometimes things still slip through the cracks. There have been several instances of question leaks and related cheating scandals just within the past few years. As a student, it's in your best interests to keep the questions confidential after the test and to report any signs of cheating. Test security violations don't just help the people who have advance knowledge - they actively hurt everyone else who takes the test fairly. What's Next? Check out this article for more details on the rules and regulations that inform test day procedure (and how to make sure you don't violate them). What exactly can you expect when you get to the test center? Read this guide to ACT test day so you can feel comfortable going into the experience. It's important to say something if your proctor makes a mistake or the test center environment is too distracting. Learn when and how to speak up in these situations. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Discussion 9- economics-tactics for competitors Assignment

Discussion 9- economics-tactics for competitors - Assignment Example Large scale entry-deterrence is evident in the airline industry (McGuigan, Moyer, & Harris, 2008). Some entry-deterring strategies include capacity expansion, limiting prices and predatory pricing. Incumbents in the airline industry adjust their prices to neutralize the threat of entry in the airline bsiness. Adjusting prices limits contestability in the market. Incumbents can charge low prices before entry, charge low prices to push new firms out of business and shape expectations of new firms towards competition. Competition from southwest airlines and other firms results in the reduction of fares in the airline industry. The approach of limiting prices is to deter new firms from entering the market. Entry of firms such as southwest and people express forces incumbent firms to develop entry-deterring strategies in order to reduce competition. The incumbents decide whether to adjust prices or enter the business with large scale carriers. In order for new firms to successfully enter the market, they need to analyze entry conditions into the market before making their decisions. Before starting business new firms must understand the extent of entry barriers, consequences of ent ry barriers and develop counter measures to these